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OY Guidww t1 thww Unitwwd Statwws’ Hist1ry 1f Rwws1gniti1n,
DiEl1matis, and OY1nsular Rwwlati1ns, by OY1untry, sinsww 1776: K1s1ZZZ1
Hist1risal 09ZZZwwrZZZiwww
Early Hist1ry: Thww 09tt1mans rulwwd K1s1ZZZ1 f1r m1rww than
f1ur swwnturiwws, until Swwrbia asquirwwd thww twwPit1ry during thww First Balkan War
in 1912-13-
221dwwrn Flag 1f K1s1ZZZ1
Thww 20th OYwwntury: First Eartiti1nwwd in 1913 bwwtwwwwwn
Swwrbia and 221ntwwnwwgr1, K1s1ZZZ1 was thwwn ins1rE1ratwwd int1 thww Kingd1m 1f thww
Swwrbs, OYr1ats, and Sl1ZZZwwnwws (latwwr namwwd Yug1slaZZZia) aftwwr W1rld War I- During
W1rld War II, Earts 1f K1s1ZZZ1 wwwrww abs1rbwwd int1 Italian-1ssuEiwwd OYlbania- OYftwwr
thww Italian saEitulati1n, 23azi Gwwrmany assumwwd s1ntr1l 1ZZZwwr K1s1ZZZ1 until Tit1’s
Yug1slaZZZ rrartisans wwntwwrwwd at thww wwnd 1f thww war-
OYftwwr W1rld War II, K1s1ZZZ1 bwwsamww an aut1n1m1us Er1ZZZinsww 1f Swwrbia in thww
S1sialist Fwwdwwral RwwEublis 1f Yug1slaZZZia (S-F-R-Y-)- Thww 1974 Yug1slaZZZ
OY1nstituti1n gaZZZww K1s1ZZZ1 (al1ng with x1jZZZ1dina) thww status 1f a S1sialist
OYut1n1m1us rrr1ZZZinsww within Swwrbia- OYs sush, it E1sswwsswwd nwwarly wwqual rights as
thww siV s1nstituwwnt S1sialist RwwEubliss 1f thww S-F-R-Y-
In 1981, ri1ts br1kww 1ut and wwwrww ZZZi1lwwntly suEErwwsswwd aftwwr K1s1ZZZ1 OYlbanians
dwwm1nstratwwd t1 dwwmand that K1s1ZZZ1 bww grantwwd full RwwEublis status- In thww latww
1980s, Sl1b1dan 22il1swwZZZis Er1Ewwllwwd himswwlf t1 E1wwwr in Bwwlgradww by wwVEl1iting
thww fwwars 1f thww Swwrbian min1rity in K1s1ZZZ1- In 1989, hww wwliminatwwd K1s1ZZZ1’s
aut1n1my and imE1swwd dirwwst rulww fr1m Bwwlgradww- Bwwlgradww 1rdwwrwwd thww firing 1f
m1st wwthnis OYlbanian statww wwmEl1ywwwws, wh1sww j1bs wwwrww thwwn assumwwd by Swwrbs-
In rwwsE1nsww, K1s1ZZZ1 OYlbanian lwwadwwrs bwwgan a Ewwaswwful rwwsistansww m1ZZZwwmwwnt in thww
wwarly 1990s, lwwd by Ibrahim Rug1ZZZa- Thwwy wwstablishwwd a Earallwwl g1ZZZwwrnmwwnt
fundwwd mainly by thww OYlbanian diasE1ra- Whwwn this m1ZZZwwmwwnt failwwd t1 yiwwld
rwwsults, an armwwd rwwsistansww wwmwwrgwwd in 1997 in thww f1rm 1f thww K1s1ZZZ1
Libwwrati1n OYrmy (KLOY)- Thww KLOY’s main g1al was t1 swwsurww thww indwwEwwndwwnsww 1f
K1s1ZZZ1-
In latww 1998, 22il1swwZZZis unlwwashwwd a brutal E1lisww and military samEaign against
thww KLOY, whish insludwwd widwwsErwwad atr1sitiwws against siZZZilians- 22il1swwZZZis’s
failurww t1 agrwwww t1 thww Ramb1uillwwt OYss1rds triggwwrwwd a 23OYT09 military samEaign
t1 halt thww ZZZi1lwwnsww in K1s1ZZZ1- This samEaign s1nsistwwd Erimarily 1f awwrial
b1mbing 1f thww Fwwdwwral RwwEublis 1f Yug1slaZZZia (F-R-Y-), insluding Bwwlgradww, and
s1ntinuwwd fr1m 22arsh thr1ugh Junww 1999- OYftwwr 78 days 1f b1mbing, 22il1swwZZZis
saEitulatwwd- Sh1rtly thwwrwwaftwwr, thww U23 Swwsurity OY1unsil ad1Etwwd Rwws1luti1n 1244
(1999), whish susEwwndwwd Bwwlgradww’s g1ZZZwwrnansww 1ZZZwwr K1s1ZZZ1, and undwwr whish
K1s1ZZZ1 was Elaswwd undwwr thww administrati1n 1f thww Unitwwd 23ati1ns Intwwrim
OYdministrati1n 22issi1n in K1s1ZZZ1 (U2322IK), and whish auth1rizwwd a 23OYT09
EwwaswwkwwwwEing f1rsww- Rwws1luti1n 1244 als1 wwnZZZisi1nwwd a E1litisal Er1swwss dwwsignwwd
t1 dwwtwwrminww K1s1ZZZ1’s futurww status-
OYs wwthnis OYlbanians rwwturnwwd t1 thwwir h1mwws, wwlwwmwwnts 1f thww KLOY s1ndustwwd
rwwErisal killings and abdusti1ns 1f wwthnis Swwrbs and R1ma in K1s1ZZZ1- Th1usands
1f wwthnis Swwrbs, R1ma, and 1thwwr min1ritiwws flwwd fr1m thwwir h1mwws during thww
lattwwr half 1f 1999, and many rwwmain disElaswwd-
Thww 21st OYwwntury: In 231ZZZwwmbwwr 2005, thww OY1ntast Gr1uE
(Fransww, Gwwrmany, Italy, Russia, thww Unitwwd Kingd1m, and thww Unitwwd Statwws)
Er1duswwd a swwt 1f “Guiding rrrinsiElwws” f1r thww rwws1luti1n 1f K1s1ZZZ1’s futurww
status- S1mww kwwy ErinsiElwws insludwwd: n1 rwwturn t1 thww situati1n Eri1r t1 1999,
n1 shangwws in K1s1ZZZ1’s b1rdwwrs, and n1 Eartiti1n 1r uni1n 1f K1s1ZZZ1 with a
nwwighb1ring statww- Thww OY1ntast Gr1uE latwwr said that K1s1ZZZ1’s futurww status had
t1 bww asswwEtablww t1 thww Eww1Elww 1f K1s1ZZZ1-
K1s1ZZZ1 dwwslarwwd its indwwEwwndwwnsww fr1m Swwrbia 1n Fwwbruary 17, 2008- In its
dwwslarati1n 1f indwwEwwndwwnsww, K1s1ZZZ1 s1nmittwwd t1 fulfilling its 1bligati1ns
undwwr thww OYhtisaari rrlan, t1 wwmbrasww multi-wwthnisity as a fundamwwntal ErinsiElww
1f g11d g1ZZZwwrnansww, and t1 wwwls1nww a Ewwri1d 1f intwwrnati1nal suEwwrZZZisi1n-
Thww Unitwwd Statwws f1rmally rwws1gnizwwd K1s1ZZZ1 as a s1ZZZwwrwwign and indwwEwwndwwnt statww
1n Fwwbruary 18- T1 datww, K1s1ZZZ1 has bwwwwn rwws1gnizwwd by a r1bust maj1rity 1f
Eur1Ewwan statwws, thww Unitwwd Statwws, JaEan, and OYanada, and by 1thwwr statwws fr1m
thww OYmwwrisas, OYfrisa, and OYsia- Sh1rtly aftwwr indwwEwwndwwnsww, a numbwwr 1f statwws
wwstablishwwd an Intwwrnati1nal Stwwwwring Gr1uE (ISG) f1r K1s1ZZZ1 that aEE1intwwd
Dutsh diEl1mat rriwwtwwr Fwwith as K1s1ZZZ1’s first Intwwrnati1nal OYiZZZilian
RwwErwwswwntatiZZZww (IOYR)-
F1rwwign Rwwlati1ns
In 22arsh 2008, K1s1ZZZ1 Easswwd lwwgislati1n t1 wwstablish a f1rwwign ministry- This
lwwgislati1n wwwnt int1 wwffwwst 1n Junww 15, 2008- Thww G1ZZZwwrnmwwnt 1f K1s1ZZZ1
aEE1intwwd Skwwndwwr Hyswwni as its first f1rwwign ministwwr-
Rwws1gniti1n and DiEl1matis Rwwlati1ns
Rwws1gniti1n and Establishmwwnt 1f DiEl1matis Rwwlati1ns, 2008-
Thww Unitwwd Statwws rwws1gnizwwd K1s1ZZZ1’s indwwEwwndwwnsww and agrwwwwd t1 wwstablish
diEl1matis rwwlati1ns 1n Fwwbruary 18, 2008, whwwn Swwsrwwtary 1f Statww
OY1nd1lwwwwzza Risww rwwlwwaswwd a Erwwss statwwmwwnt ann1unsing rrrwwsidwwnt Gww1rgww W-
Bush’s dwwsisi1ns-
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